Tools – Interactive GNC & Space Mechanics

Tools

This section turns the platform into an interactive spacecraft engineering environment. The tools are arranged as a workflow: start with orbit design, convert states, propagate motion, add maneuvers, study rendezvous, model attitude dynamics, design controllers, and connect space-environment effects to drag and decay.

Core Orbital Mechanics

These tools build the foundation: orbit geometry, maneuver cost, state conversion, and basic mission-design quantities.

Hohmann Transfer Calculator

Compute the Δv and transfer time needed to move between two circular coplanar orbits.

Used in: LEO → GEO transfer, orbit raising, fuel budgeting.

COE ↔ State Vector Converter

Convert between classical orbital elements and Cartesian position–velocity state vectors.

Used in: STK validation, orbit propagation debugging, TLE analysis.

Plane Change Calculator

Estimate the Δv required to rotate an orbital plane or change inclination.

Used in: inclination changes, launch targeting, mission trade studies.

Ballistic Coefficient Calculator

Compute ballistic coefficient from mass, drag coefficient, and reference area.

Used in: re-entry analysis, drag modeling, orbital decay estimation.

Interactive Simulations

These tools move beyond calculators and show system behaviour visually: propagation, relative motion, guidance, attitude response, and decay.

Orbit Propagator

Propagate an orbit from classical orbital elements and visualize its motion in 3D.

Used in: trajectory evolution, ground-track reasoning, numerical propagation.
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Guidance Law Simulator

Explore proportional navigation and simplified gravity-turn launch guidance.

Used in: intercept guidance, gravity turn, trajectory shaping.
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Maneuver & Mission Design

These tools support transfer design, phasing, and mission targeting beyond a single two-burn maneuver.

Lambert Solver

Solve a transfer between two position vectors for a selected time of flight.

Used in: interplanetary transfer, rendezvous targeting, trajectory design.
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Phasing Maneuver Calculator

Design a catch-up or delay maneuver by changing orbital period.

Used in: ISS-style catch-up, rendezvous timing, constellation spacing.
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Multi-Burn Transfer Planner

Compare a direct Hohmann transfer with a staged transfer through an intermediate orbit.

Used in: staged mission planning, intermediate orbits, transfer trade studies.
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Rendezvous & Relative Motion

This section connects orbit mechanics to proximity operations, chaser-target motion, and LVLH-frame reasoning.

HCW Relative Motion Visualizer

Show natural relative ellipses, along-track drift, and cross-track oscillation.

Used in: GNC interviews, formation flying, rendezvous analysis.
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Rendezvous Planner

Compute a simple HCW-based transfer between a chaser and target.

Used in: burn targeting, transfer timing, stopping-burn estimation.
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Attitude Dynamics

These tools expand the platform from orbital motion into spacecraft rotational dynamics and actuator behaviour.

Quaternion / Euler / DCM Converter

Convert between attitude representations and visualize gimbal-lock risk.

Used in: attitude propagation, frame transforms, 6DOF simulation.
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Rigid Body Rotation Simulator

Simulate rotational motion using inertia, torque, angular velocity, and quaternions.

Used in: spacecraft attitude dynamics, torque response, 6DOF modeling.
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Reaction Wheel Simulator

Show wheel speed, momentum buildup, spacecraft response, and saturation risk.

Used in: actuator limits, momentum dumping, spacecraft pointing control.
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Control Systems & Estimation

These tools show the control progression from PID to modern control, estimation, and guidance laws.

PID Controller Playground

Explore how PID gains shape rise time, overshoot, settling behaviour, and steady-state error.

Used in: feedback control basics, tuning intuition, response shaping.

LQR Designer

Design an optimal state-feedback controller from A and B matrices.

Used in: modern control, state feedback, control-effort trade-offs.
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Kalman Filter Visualizer

Compare truth, noisy measurements, estimated state, uncertainty, and Kalman gain.

Used in: navigation, sensor fusion, orbit and attitude estimation.
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Space Environment & Drag

These tools connect the space environment to orbital lifetime, drag acceleration, and ballistic-coefficient sensitivity.

Atmospheric Density Tool

Compare altitude versus density using an exponential atmosphere and simplified NRLMSISE-style profile.

Used in: drag modeling, solar activity sensitivity, LEO environment analysis.
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Orbital Decay Simulator

Simulate altitude decay using BC, density, drag acceleration, and solar activity.

Used in: orbital lifetime, re-entry trends, thesis-based BC interpretation.
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How These Tools Connect

The tools are not isolated calculators. They form an engineering workflow from initial orbit design to simulation, control, estimation, and mission analysis.

1. Orbit Design → Hohmann Transfer, Plane Change, Lambert Solver, Multi-Burn Transfer Planner
2. State Definition → COE ↔ State Vector Converter
3. Propagation → Orbit Propagator, Atmospheric Density Tool, Orbital Decay Simulator
4. Rendezvous & Relative Motion → HCW Visualizer, Phasing Maneuver, Rendezvous Planner
5. Attitude Dynamics → Attitude Converter, Rigid Body Rotation, Reaction Wheel Simulator
6. Control & Estimation → PID Playground, LQR Designer, Kalman Filter Visualizer, Guidance Law Simulator

Coming Next

The next phase will deepen selected tools into workflow-level engineering simulations rather than adding only more calculators.

Deep Orbit Propagation Tool

RK vs Euler vs timestep effect, including trajectory evolution, energy conservation, and numerical-error interpretation. The basic Orbit Propagator exists, but this deeper numerical-methods version is not fully built yet.

PID Response Visualizer Upgrade

The current PID Playground exists, but the next upgrade will add disturbance rejection, actuator limits, sampling time, and links to discrete-versus-continuous simulation behaviour.

Mission Design Sandbox

Combine orbit design, maneuvers, constraints, propagation, and mission reasoning in one integrated workflow.

Constellation Coverage Tool

Study satellites versus ground coverage, revisit time, access windows, and mission-level coverage trade-offs.

SSA / Tracking Simulator

Model sensor visibility, tracking arcs, observation geometry, and space-situational-awareness reasoning — a mini STK-style learning tool.